As Lukasz points out the second parameter is the start_month SAP doc's. Here are a few simple examples of using BETWEEN with numeric and string values:Unfortunately, at this moment Snowflake does not allow expressions in ADD COLUMN statements (only constant values) and does not allow adding a default value. Date difference is 23, if you are counting number of different days. However, the functions above will count all the days between the two specified dates. (varchar(10),(DATEDIFF(s,A. Any fields using concatenation likely need to be modified. *, (date2 > date1 + interval '28 day') as flag from t; Share. datediff(part: str, col1: Union[Column, str], col2: Union[Column, str]) → Column[source] Calculates the difference between two date, time, or timestamp columns based on the date or time part requested, and returns result of col2 - col1 based on the requested date or time part. This uses the row_number window function along with dateadd and generator to increment from a. You want to insert the data along with the current date. About; Products. SQL Snowflake - Compare 2 dates in one table Ask Question Asked 3 years, 5 months ago Modified 3 years, 5 months ago Viewed 3k times 0 I have the. With this you can calculate the. The function returns the result of subtracting the second argument from the third argument. Databricks is ideally suited for use cases involving Data Science / Machine Learning and Analytics. DATE_FROM_PARTS is typically used to handle values in “normal” ranges (e. I am new to snowflake. Alias for DATEADD. Returns the number of days from startDate to endDate. To perform subtraction, simply pass a negative value for the value parameter. Min/Max of a group. In SQL Server, you can convert this to a floating point date serial number (days since 1900-01-01): select convert (float, my_timestamp_field) as float_serial_number. Thus select DATEDIFF('year', '2020-12-31', '2021-01-01') returns 1 because there's 1 year difference between 2020 and 2021, even though there's only actually 1 day between these 2 dates. functions. Snowflake passing parameters. orderdate)) AS daysdiff FROM sales. Datediff didn't work: DATEDIFF(hour,2,TO_DATE(substr(p. 0. See also: TIMEDIFF, TIMESTAMPDIFF Syntax For DATEDIFF DATEDIFF( <date_or_time_part>, <date_or_time_expr1>, <date_or_time_expr2> ) For minus sign <date_expr2> - <date_expr1> Arguments For DATEDIFF: date_or_time_part The unit of time. Get the field type for each column in a table. Suppose you have such a variable: set t = to_timestamp_ntz ('2021-12-28 14:25:36. AS orderdate2 ,DATEDIFF("D", ord1. datediff (part: str, col1: ColumnOrName, col2: ColumnOrName) → Column [source] ¶ Calculates the difference between two date, time, or timestamp columns based on the date or time part requested. datediff (part: str, col1: Column | str, col2: Column | str) → Column [source] ¶ Calculates the difference between two date, time, or timestamp columns based on the date or time part requested. これらの関数（および日付部分）はセッションパラメーターを無視します. I want to run the same code again with different parameters and want. Syntax DATEADD( <date_or_time_part>, <value>, <date_or_time_expr> ) Arguments date_or_time_part This indicates the units of time that you want to add. There are several ways to approach this, but here's the way I do it with SQL Generator function Datespine_Groups. Extracts the corresponding date part from a date or timestamp. THEN DATEDIFF(‘day’, [DueDate], [StartDate])-if the date is not empty, then we execute the DATEDIFF expression, where we count the number of days between two dates. The function. Also if the deadline_date is NULL, set the number of days as 0. select post_visid_high || ':' || post_visid_low as visitor_id , lag (date_time) over (partition by visitor_id order by date_time asc) as previous_date , datediff (minute, previous_date, date_time) as difference_in_minutes from adobe_data. 124秒ではなく、1. functions. It may be positive or negative. A window function is any function that operates over a window of rows. @nehan it looks like you were able to solve your issue, that is so great! It would mean a lot if you can select the "Best answer" yourself to help others find the right answer faster. A date to be converted into a timestamp. 1. – Simeon Pilgrim. functions. Tried with this: DATEDIFF(week , start_date , end_date ) but its calculating from Monday and I wanted it to calculate from Sunday. g. Cognos will convert this to DATEDIFF but the arguments are reversed in the 2 functions. (Snowflake) is much more elegant, and I meant to mention that option in my answer, but be aware that it does not support time periods of 24 hours or greater. array_aggSnowflake is imho for doing complex queries that don't run elsewhere, so why would you run them the worst way, just to "hide" some complexity that is not that complex. 15 between 2 values that are 1 year, 1 month and 15 days apart. KP. 1239') は1. (COL1)) from TABLE1) as MIN_TS ,(select date_trunc(minute, max(COL1)) from TABLE1) as MAX_TS ,datediff(minutes, MIN_TS, MAX_TS) as TOTAL_MINUTES ), RECURSIVE as ( select. snowpark. The offset is measured in: The number of UTF-8 characters if the input is VARCHAR. There are certain use case scenarios when it is recommended to use the DATEDIFF function within the Snowflake cloud data warehouse which are as follows: If we want to find the difference between two dates in the form of days, years, or months. ELSE 0 END – if the previous. TO_TIME and TIME_FROM_PARTS apply the LTZ to it, but there are no functions to convert TIMEs between timezones. A window function is any function that operates over a window of rows. Here are some great date functions to round out your toolkit. Para ambos DATEDIFF e sinal de menos: Os valores de saída podem ser negativos, por exemplo, -12 dias. In Snowflake you can rewrite the query : SELECT datediff (day, '1900-01-01',. Grants_To_Roles; 4: Roles Assigned to Users: Select * from Snowflake. TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'REPORTING' AND TABLE_NAME ='LOGS' AND MINUTES_SINCE_LAST_UPDATE >. One way to do this is by creating a working hours table. snowpark. Commonly used datepart units include month or second. So I got help to get started on this and it runs well. 小数秒は丸められません。. 'a string') and string arguments that are not constants to the type NUMBER (18,5). I have to compare 2 separate columns to come up with the most recent date between them. Want to elevate your date analytics in Snowflake?It looks like the function DATEADD / DATEDIFF is causing it to fail: SET MONTH_DELTA = ABS (-1);--works; SET MONTH_DELTA = CURRENT_DATE;--works; SET MONTH_DELTA = DATEDIFF (month, '1900-01-01', '1901-01-01');--doesn 't work; In the Snowflake documentation it mentions that the result of an SQL expression can be set to the value of. An aggregate function always returns exactly one row, even when the input contains zero rows. As long as the timestamps are in different days, Snowflake counts the difference in days as 1, even if it's only 2 seconds. 0. My Snowflake SQL Query : SELECT O. I assume that this happens due to the /sum(iff(iscode=1,1,0)) where this presumably sometimes returns 0. g. For a variant expression: If the variant contains a string, a string conversion is performed. When the Ignore Nulls clause is set, any row whose expression evaluates to the Null is not included when offset rows are counted. functions. event_id, evnt. array_aggThe Snowpark library provides an intuitive library for querying and processing data at scale in Snowflake. This allows, for example, choosing the N-th day in a year, which can be. 非推奨の警告: Snowflakeの将来のバージョンでは、文字列化された整数値をミリ秒、マイクロ秒、ナノ秒ではなく、秒として自動的に解釈する可能性があります。. Para DATEDIFF: date_or_time_expr1 e date_or_time_expr2 podem ser uma data, hora ou carimbo de data/hora. In Snowflake, if any part of the concatenation is null, the entire result is null. Like. These functions are alternatives to using the DATE_PART (or EXTRACT) function with the equivalent date part (see. g. Excluding only weekends doesn't work for business purposes. For example, you can use interval data type functions to add years, months, days, hours, etc to the timestamp variables. For example, if you want to subtract 7 days from a date, the. For the 2-argument version: The source_timestamp argument is considered to include the time zone. functions. SELECT DATEDIFF(MINUTE, LAST_ALTERED, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()) AS MINUTES_SINCE_LAST_UPDATE FROM MONITORING. functions. Make sure that the data type of each column is consistent across the rows from different sources. Knowledge Base. where (DateDiff (d, FilteredPhoneCall. 要求された日付または時刻の部分に基づいて、2つの日付、時刻、またはタイムスタンプ式の差を計算します。この関数は、3番目の引数から2番目の引数を減算した結果を返します。 マイナス記号（-）を使用して日付を減算することもできます。The ORDER BY and LIMIT / FETCH clauses are applied to the result of the set operator. Para ambos DATEDIFF e sinal de menos: Os valores de saída podem ser negativos, por exemplo, -12 dias. In almost all cases, at least one of those expressions references a column in that row. The DATEDIFF function will still work, but you'll want to make sure the input parameters are correct. If the data type is TIME, then the date_or_time_part must be in units of hours or smaller, not days or bigger. In SQL SERVER, you can use the following query (replace the date with your field): SELECT CASE WHEN datediff (year, '20120303', getdate ()) > 1 THEN datediff (year, '20120303', getdate ()) ELSE datediff (day, '20120303', getdate ()) END AS Diff. Developer Guides. It's super quick to generate all the month ends for 10000 years placing today in the middle (365|180 * 10000) then just predicate the answer with sed start and end dates prior to placing into an array. If the answer is the right solution, please click " Accept Answer " and kindly upvote it. insertedon,1,10))) There is any simple way to do this? just a subtraction of 2 hours to date time Regards. Account_Usage. PowerBI + Snowflake: ODBC Connection: DirectQuery. Alias for DATEADD. SnowflakeのDATEDIFF関数では、指定している単位（今回は「DAY」）の数値のズレを計算するため、BQとは異なる結果が出力される。 そのため、例えば、5月8日の23時39分20秒と日付が変わった瞬間の時刻の差分を計算すると、実際には20分程度しかたっていないにも. That means you could get a series of disparate dates instead of the desired result. I want the end result to be a date. The number of rows backward from the current row from which to obtain a value. Must be one of the values listed in Supported Date and Time Parts (e. Le signe moins ( -) peut également être utilisé pour soustraire des dates. Setting variables in snowflake. For ' integer ' (a string containing an integer), the integer is treated as a number of seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, or. TIME_SLICE calculates the beginning or end of a “slice” of time, where the slice length is a multiple of a standard unit of time, such as minute, hour, day, etc. You can use these interval literals in conditions and calculations that involve date-time expressions. Teams. select t. Like Liked Unlike Reply. A function that could be interesting for Data Analysts and Data Scientists is the DATEDIFF function. insertedon,1,10))) There is any simple way to do this? just a subtraction of 2 hours to date time Regards convert(varchar,cast((End_Datetime-Start_Datetime) as time),108) how to convert this to snowflake the datediff truncate to the unit you are finding the diff over. snowpark. Specifies the day of week used to calculate the date for the previous day. startdate: The first date or datetime value. sql. date_from, evnt. functions. Window functions operate on windows, which are groups of rows that are related (e. O parâmetro TIMEZONE está definido para a hora de América/Chicago. If you combing using BEGIN and END block then you cannot set a session variable inside the block. 124秒ではなく、1. I initially had an issue with loading long timestamps (9999-12-31 23:59:59. id , sum (datediff (‘second’, -- calculate the max of the two start time (case when t. 0. DATEDIFF. how can this be achieved? Like select VAR_DATE = DTAE1 from (select date1 from table1 where date1 = 'xxx') Please note that my result set returns only one row. highest, second-highest, etc. 0 to 23. I'm am fairly new to using these systems and I am trying to convert the below statement for Snowflake, but no matter what i change, I keep getting errors. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. start end), -- calculate the min of the two end times (case when t. It is following snowflake's documentation. Then you can run a fairly simple query: select t. Only the date parts of the values are used in the calculation. nanosecond は、時、分、秒、および小数秒の9桁すべてを使用します. 00. February 28 and March 31) can lead to unintuitive behavior; specifically, increasing the first date in the pair does not always increase the output value. e. working_day_start_timestamp then w. これは、追加する時間単位を示します。例えば、2日を追加する場合、これは DAY になります。 この測定単位は、 サポートされている日付と時刻の部分 にリストされている値のいずれかでなければなりません。 valueThe syntax for using the DATEDIFF function in Snowflake and Amazon Redshift, and Databricks looks like the following: datediff (< date part >, < start date / time >, < end date / time >) A note on Databricks: Databricks additionally supports a separate DATEDIFF function that takes only two arguments: a start date and an end date. DATEDIFF. From fetching the current timestamp to calculating date differences, we've got you. functions. Based on Snowflake docs: Dynamically Creating a SQL Statement As stated in SQL Injection (in this topic), be careful to guard against attacks when using dynamic SQL. When calculating it, only from 9am till 17pm and weekdays are needed to be accounted. Snowflake Datediff ignores timezones. To run a stored procedure inside a transaction, you. 29K views; Top. SQL. snowpark. DECLARE @EndDate as date . As long as the timestamps are in different days, Snowflake counts the difference in days as 1, even if it's only 2 seconds. So this is really two parts, to know what year-quarter something is with respect to an offset, you just need to subtract the offset month, from the date you have and then year and quarter the adjusted date. In this article: Syntax. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. I am trying to understand window functions in Snowflake better. 2. The date Functions are sub-divided into 7 types of functions. example, if start_date and end_date differed by 59 seconds, then DATEDIFF(MINUTE, start_date, end_date) / 60. 124秒ではなく、1. functions. You can use the SWITCH statement form of CASE thus you just need to branch the options you want, and matching one will be used. Along with Preeti Shrimal, Adwate Kumar. 5401041667. working_day_start_timestamp else t. Return a percentile value based on a continuous distribution of the input column (specified in order_by_expr). (SELECT DATEDIFF(second ,CREATED. For the second record, it. For source_tz and target_tz, you can specify a time zone name or a. approx_percentile_estimate. SELECT Customer_ID , Day_ID , DATEDIFF (DAY, LAG (Day_ID) OVER (PARTITION BY Customer_ID ORDER BY. 1239') は1. これは、追加する時間単位を示します。例えば、2日を追加する場合、これは DAY になります。 この測定単位は、 サポートされている日付と時刻の部分 にリストされている値のいずれかでなければなりません。 The syntax for using the DATEDIFF function in Snowflake and Amazon Redshift, and Databricks looks like the following: datediff ( < date part > , < start date / time > , < end date / time > ) A note on Databricks: Databricks additionally supports a separate DATEDIFF function that takes only two arguments: a start date and an end date. functions. 타임존이 연결되지 않은 타임스탬프 로드하기¶. If the clicked date and the claimed date are set to '2999-12-31' then subtract deadline_date - bought_date. From fetching the current timestamp to calculating date differences, we've got you covered. We define working hours as time spent between a start time (say 9am) and end time (say 6pm) on. I run the following task in Snowflake to see which queries are candidates for inefficiency improvements: select datediff (second,scheduled_time,query_start_time) as second, * from table (information_schema. ORDER_DATE, CASE WHEN ORDER_DATE IS. CONVERT will convert to '27'. Add a comment | 4. Below is SQL Server:YEAR* / DAY* / WEEK* / MONTH / QUARTER¶. AWS Redshift clusters require some manual maintenance. We have these planned as future extensions. 2 Answers. set @BegDate = DATEADD(month, DATEDIFF(month, 0, getdate()) - 12, 0) -- How far back to look (-12 = 12 Months)Hi Aram, I don't believe we have such function readily available in Snowflake, so you can consider writing your own UDF to do this. Just to clarify SQL server seems to require DATEDIFF (datepart, recentDate, olderDate) as startdate and enddate are a bit nebulous. Date difference is 23, if you are counting number of different days. Supported date and time parts. The function returns the result of subtracting the second argument from the third argument. 수신 중인 타임스탬프 세트에 타임존이 지정되지 않은 경우, snowflake는 해당 타임스탬프가 설정된 타임존의 현지. The. ,DATEDIFF(SECOND, DATETIME_1, DATETIME_2) AS DIFF_SECONDS. Calculates the difference between two date, time, or timestamp expressions based on the specified date or time part. To sum up, depending on requirements: DEFAULT DATE 'YYYY-MM-DD' or if it has to be a current date DEFAULT. (In our example, it’s the expiration_date. If the date part is a date, then the SQL DATEDIFF function sets the time part of the date to 00:00:00. functions. CREATED_AT_DATE,dex. 5: Users who have not logged in with 90 days of account creation. TIMEDIFF. snowpark. I am trying to get the same output in Snowflake, but cant figure out how to return a float. As Spark doesn't provide the other unit, I use below method, select (bigint (to_timestamp (endDate))) - (bigint (to_timestamp (startDate))) as time_diff. TIMEADD: Adds the specified value for the specified date. What about bank holidays? The typical way this is handled is to create a Calendar table with one row per day for the next N years, with fields for year, month, week number, day etc and flags that determine whether it's a working day, holiday, weekend etc. The datepart passed to DATEDIFF will control the resolution of the output. Oracle Database using Sql developer. functions. The "DATEDIFF(timeUnit, datetime, datetime2)" function (Microsoft SQL Server, Redshift, Snowflake). functions. If a non-integer decimal expression is input, the scale of the result is inherited. Otherwise, the current session time zone is used. Alias for DATEDIFF. When date_or_time_part is dayofweek or yearofweek (or any of their variations), the output is controlled by the. To comply with ANSI standards, this function can be called without parentheses. Use the DATEDIFF() function to retrieve the number of days between two dates in a MySQL database. The collation specifications of all input arguments must be compatible. functions. If the value of Nweek = '201834' then the value of IDate is returned as '2018-08-20' If the value of Nweek =. DATETIME. (datediff(DAY, uc. So the order should be always if deadline is NULL. Master date and time queries in Snowflake with our comprehensive guide. Invalid function type [TIMEDIFF] for window function. The documentation can be found here:. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_get_timestamps_in_range (grain VARCHAR, start_tsmp TIMESTAMP_TZ, end_tsmp TIMESTAMP_TZ) RETURNS. what I need is to expand their dates for each record, for example: id | date_start | date_end 1 | 2019-12-01 | 2019-12-05 2 | 2020-01-01 |. For example, if you want to subtract 7 days from a date, the syntax would be: SELECT DATEADD ( DAY, -7, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ()) Remember that the interval parameter must be in. Can anybody help how can we pass dynamic dates in snowflake View/Table. functions. Then next new "min_date" = previous "next_date" until "DATEDIFF" is calculated. Hi @SQL Baby , Last Day of previous month：. snowpark. functions. g. help on ways to cast the row_count argument for generator() as integer using datediff result . The function supports units of years, quarters, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, and nanoseconds. Snowflake Forums. How to use datediff in Custom SQL. Learn More >>When using convert_timezone() to convert timestamps with no timezone to my local time, the function outputs a timestamp like (I'm converting from timestamp with no time zone UTC to MST):Timestamp difference in Snowflake. If you want the difference, then use datediff () or timestampdiff (). 15 between 2 values that are 1 year, 1 month and 15 days apart. The reason I like to do it this way, is because its. For more details about sequences in. array_aggShow 1 more comment. Is there a way around this, or a way to predetermine which date is null up front? (psudocode)functions. functions. AMA WITH MIKE TAVEIRNE Exciting news! Data Superhero, Mike Taveirne, is in forums from Sept 26-29 to answer your questions. TABLES WHERE. Query the GENERATOR function on the temporary table:In order to get the integer part of Impala's MONTHS_BETWEEN using Snowflake functions we apply the following logic : IFF(DAY(DATE1) >= DAY(DATE2), DATEDIFF('month', DATE2, DATE1), DATEDIFF('month', DATE2, DATE1) - 1) In order to get the fractional part of Impala's MONTHS_BETWEEN using Snowflake functions we. In almost all cases, at least one of those expressions references a column in that row. List months between two dates in snowflake table. datediff(part: str, col1: Union[Column, str], col2: Union[Column, str]) → Column[source] Calculates the difference between two date, time, or timestamp columns based on the date or time part requested, and returns result of col2 - col1 based on the requested date or time part. I am trying to perform the below mentioned code from Microsoft SQL server to snowflake however, am successful so far. If so, 20 business days is exactly 4 weeks, which is exactly 28 days. array_aggYou can subtract days from a date in Snowflake using the DATEADD function. The function supports units of years, quarters, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, and nanoseconds. 124 seconds. I've tried the Snowflake help guide but I want to avoid executing multiple queries. dow_string. Currently, my code just returns zero on the right side of the decimal place. 1. g. I will use floating point maths to make my point. For numeric string arguments that are not constants, if NUMBER (18,5) is not sufficient to represent the numeric value, you should cast the argument to a type that can. You should. Both Databricks and Snowflake implement cost-based optimization and vectorization. Data Superheroes. The return type of the DATEDIFF function is an int and indicates the difference between the start date and end date. select dateadd (day, '-' || seq4 (), current_date ()) as dte from table (generator (rowcount => 1095))The second step involves getting a difference in seconds between the two dates and converting that difference into hours by dividing by 3600. You can only run them separately. So, the following snippet returns 119 ( 6 = 7th January 1990 ) SELECT DATEDIFF (year, '1900/01/07', '2019/05/15'); Share. The DATEDIFF command takes a datepart and returns the difference between two dates or timestamps. Take the max of that filtered list, then join back to the original data to get the status for the row with the max value. TIMESTAMPADD. Some time you expect the diff in "days" between 1. ,DATEDIFF(SECOND, DATETIME_1, DATETIME_2) AS DIFF_SECONDS ,DIFF_SECONDS % (60) AS NUM_SECONDS. unable to understand the dateadd function in SQL. Input: DAY ----- 2022-06-09 2022-04-04 Output DAY_MONTH -----. 5401041667. functions. Arguments. Expression to be converted into a time: For string_expr, the result of converting the string to a time. 2 days, but Snowflake will produce 1 because 2 is 1 more than 1. 1239') returns 1. DATEDIFF (DAY/WEEK,. Result as Date — Image by Author Function 3: Date Difference. It returns a number, not a date. An equivalent statement that replaces AGE_IN_YEARS (DateOfBirth) in Snowflake can be: case when dateadd (year, datediff (years, DateOfBirth, CURRENT_DATE), DateOfBirth) > CURRENT_DATE then datediff (years, DateOfBirth, CURRENT_DATE) -1 else datediff (years, DateOfBirth, CURRENT_DATE) end as AGE. Possible Values. you ca also use LAG analytical function to get the desired results as : Suppose below is your input table: id account_number account_date 1 1001 9/10/2011 2 2001 9/1/2011 3 2001 9/3/2011 4 1001 9/12/2011 5 3001 9/18/2011 6 1001 9/20/2011 select id,account_number,account_date, datediff(day,lag(account_date,1) over (partition by. DATEDIFF. 이 함수는 연도, 분기, 월, 주, 일, 시간, 분, 초, 밀리초, 마이크로초, 나노초 단위를 지원합니다. 0. Berechnet die Differenz zwischen zwei Datums-, Zeit- oder Zeitstempelausdrücken anhand der angeforderten Datums- oder Zeitkomponente. approx_percentile_combine. See example code for an application that prints. ). functions. Similarly, if two queries run concurrently on the warehouse for the same 20 minutes, Snowflake will bill for 20 minutes, not 40. columns WHERE table_name = 'hrStaff'. Note that setting a negative offset has the same effect as using the LEAD function. The function returns the result of subtracting the second argument from the third argument. 2021-06-10 12:07:04. 0. TIMESTAMP_LTZ. How to get difference betwen these below two dates in snowflake. It depends on what you want to achieve on the result. Snowflakeは、整数を秒として解釈することが意図されている場合にのみ、整数を含む文字列で TO. Note that setting a negative offset has the same effect as using the LEAD function. 3. 1. Snowflake Summit is coming home to San Francisco. From MySQL docs: DATEDIFF() returns expr1 − expr2 expressed as a value in days from one date to the other. In certain cases, such as string-based comparisons or when a result depends on a different timestamp format than is set in the session parameters, we recommend explicitly converting. MSSQL on the other hand does an implicit cast of '0' to DATE '1900-01-01' and returns the result in the requested date part. SELECT DATEDIFF(DAYS, ‘2022–10–10 15:23:00’::TIMESTAMP, ‘2022–05–10 23:39:00’::TIMESTAMP) AS diff_in_years; In this example, I calculated the. That would be: select t. One aproach to deal with division by zero is to use NULLIF. There are certain use case scenarios when it is recommended to use the CURRENT_DATE function within the Snowflake cloud data warehouse which are as follows: You want to match the current date with column value to get the required output. Found the solution -- I set a static value for the GENERATOR and then put a QUALIFY statement on it to limit the values to the first maxrange returned. T. mysql - Disable ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY - Stack Overflow. Calculates the difference between two date, time, or timestamp expressions based on the specified date or time part. timezone 매개 변수는 미국/시카고 시간으로 설정됩니다. 6. functions.